These data encompass land cover data and sediment geochemistry from the Rio Santa catchment of the Peruvian Andes. Sediment samples were collected within the SIGMA: Peru project between 2019-2020. Geochemistry data include major and minor elements in sediment samples determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), organic matter determined by loss-on-ignition (LOI), and particle size data, and are provided for both the wider Rio Santa catchment and the Ranrahirca sub-catchment. The research was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and the Newton Fund (grant NE/S013245/1). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/20837a27-414c-4597-a6d2-3edc1d2e9a98
