This dataset includes results from biodiversity, social and environmental surveys of 46 oil palm smallholders and farms in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversity data includes: pitfall trap data on arthropod abundance and higher-level order identification, sticky trap data on flying invertebrate abundance (identified to higher-level order), transect data on assassin bugs, Nephila spp. spiders and butterflies (identified to species), counts of insects visiting oil palm inflorescences if any open (identified to Elaeidobius kamerunicus and higher-level orders for other groups) and data on meal worm removal from each plot. Environmental data includes: soil temperature readings recorded over 24 hours, information on size of plot, crop type and cover, GPS location, vegetation cover, vegetation height, canopy density, epiphyte cover, soil pH, soil moisture, leaf litter depth, horizon depths, palm herbivory and palm health. Social data includes information (all anonymised) on: plot area, number of palms, sociodemographic data, plantation management practices applied, knowledge and value assigned to wildlife, and yield. Data were collected from November 2021 to June 2022. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/b61a12a2-d091-41af-b451-a14de4f4a3c3
