This dataset contains major element geochemical data for lava dome samples collected from Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat, during the 1995-2010 eruption. Concentrations of silicon (Si), aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The dataset comprises samples collected from sites around Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies, Data are supplied in Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) format and include sample information, summarised geochemical results grouped by eruptive phase, and raw ICP-OES analytical data. This dataset was generated, between June 2025 and May 2026, as part of NERC project NE/W008033/1 The explosivity of volcanic eruptions: Quantifying the critical role of permeability in magmas.