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Mean annual ecosystem carbon fluxes in woody, grass and soil pools across intact tropical savannas and dry forests at 10 km resolution, 2000-2024

Publisher
Environmental Information Data Centre
Updated
2 October 2026
Topic
Not set
Licence
Not set

Summary

This dataset is a multi-band GeoTIFF providing mean annual area-density carbon fluxes (MgC ha-1 yr-1) across the intact tropical savanna and dry forest biome, mapped at 10 × 10 km resolution. It maps fluxes for the major ecosystem carbon pools: above-ground woody carbon (AWC), below-ground woody carbon (BWC), above- and below-ground grass carbon (AGC, BGC), and top soil organic carbon (SOC; 0-30 cm). For each pool, the raster includes a posterior mean and lower/upper 95% credible bounds (e.g., awc_flux_mean/lo/hi). A total woody carbon flux (TWC = AWC + BWC) mean is also provided (twc_flux_mean). Positive values indicate net carbon gain (sink) and negative values indicate net loss (source), expressed per hectare per year. Fluxes are derived by upscaling plot-observed changes in AWC to the full area of intact tropical savannas and dry forests using a statistical model, then extending to other pools using pool-to-pool relationships. First, a generalised additive model (GAM) is developed between the relative rate of AWC change (lambda, % yr-1) from 424 permanent plots (2000-2024) spanning the dry tropics and a set of predictor variables. The predictors capture climate (mean annual precipitation and temperature and their recent trends), fire regime (burned years and its trend), soils (sand content and soil organic carbon density), and human pressure (travel time to nearest city). The lambda predictions are multiplied by a global above-ground woody carbon stock map (ESA CCI-Biomass) to predict mean annual AWC flux (MgC ha-1 yr-1). BWC flux is then estimated from below:above woody ratios or a published root:shoot function at each pixel. AGC and BGC fluxes were modeled using a relationship that links grass biomass to rainfall and woody stocks. SOC flux is inferred from a relationship between SOC spatial data (SoilGrids, 0-30 cm) and AWC (CCI-Biomass). Together these produce pool-specific flux means. Uncertainty is quantified by drawing from the posterior of the upscaling model and propagating the pool relationship methods. The lower (lo) and upper (hi) bands represent the 95% credible interval for each pool's flux. The mapping domain is restricted to the intact tropical savannas and dry forests where environmental conditions are well represented by the field plot network (approximately 74% of the intact extent). Pixels outside this area, transformed land covers, non-woody vegetation, and evergreen closed-canopy rainforests are excluded. The fluxes represent mean annual changes over the study period since 2000. This work is part of the SECO project, resolving the current and future carbon dynamics of the dry tropics funded by NERC (NE/T01279X/1). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/b5486372-a0f2-4cd5-b017-0916418ad2ce

Data links

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Supporting information ZIP – 2/10/2026
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Additional information

Source Metadata
XML, HTML
Date added
29 September 2026
Harvest GUID
b5486372-a0f2-4cd5-b017-0916418ad2ce
Extent (Latitude)
23.5° to -35°
Extent (Longitude)
-110° to 154°
Dataset reference date (publication)
2026-09-28
Access constraints
If you reuse this data, you should cite: Godlee, J.L., Harrison, S.B., Milodowski, D.T., Augustin, N., Staver, A.C., Archibald, S., Mograbi, P.J., Abreu, K.M.P.D., Adu-Bredu, S., Aguirre, Z., Almanza J. , M.M., Almeida, J.S., Álvarez-Dávila, E., Alves da Cruz, W.J., Ametsitsi, G.K.D., Anunciação, E.D.S., Apgaua, D.M.G., Aragão, J.S., Araújo, F.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo Padilla, L., Arruda, C.R.D., Asiyabi, R.M., Avella, A., Banda, S., Becknell, J.M., Benitez, L.M., Bennett, A.C., Beringer, J., Bird, M.I., Bowers, S.J., Brade, T.K., Brienen, R., Broggio, I.S.B., Cabral, G.A.D.L., Cardoso, D., Carniello, M.A., Carvalho, F.A., Castro, A.A.J.F., De Cauwer, V., Chalo, D., Chama Moscoso, V., Chézeaux, E., Chi May, F., Chisingui, A.V., Compaore, H., Corona-Núñez, R.O., Costa, I.S.C., Costa, M.B.R., Coutinho, Í.A.C., Cunha, J., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Dan, M.L., Dar, A.A., Davies, K., Diesse, H., Disney, M.I., Domingues, T.F., Donaldson, J.E., Dupuy-Rada, J.M., Durigan, G., Elias, F., Escobar-Alvarado, L.F., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Farrapo, C.L., Feldpausch, T.R., Fernandes, G.W., Fernandes, M.F., Ferreira, G.L., Fonseca, A.P.M., Ford, A.J., Françoso, R., Galbraith, D.R., Garcia, Q.S., Gasparri, N.I., Gastauer, M., Gilpin, M., Gloor, E., Gonçalves, F.M., González-M., R., Gotore, T., Gouvêa, Y.F., Grace, J., Guilherme, F.A.G., Guimarães, K.S., Gutierrez-Sibauty, G., van der Heijden, G.M.F., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Hubau, W., Hutley, L.B., Idárraga-Piedrahita, Á., Ifo, S.A., Imbroisi, R., Ishida, F.Y., Issifu, H., Kanda, N.B., Kathambi, V., Kemp, J., Kigomo, J.N., Killeen, T.J., Kulavmode, A.R., Kumar, V.S., Labrière, N., Lenza, E., Levesley, A., Lewis, S., Libalah, M.B., Lima, H.C., Lima, J.R.S., Linares-Palomino, R., Lopez, W.O., Loto, D., Lumbwe, F.C., Machado, D.L., Malhi, Y., Manu, E.A., Marcelo-Peña, J.L., Mariano, E.S., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marques, A.M.L., Martins, M.S., Masinde, C.W., Mawunu, M., Mbuvi, M.T.E., McNicol, I.M., Medeiros-Sarmento, P.S., Meira-Junior, M.S., Melgaço, K., Melo, O.A., Menezes, R.S.C., Metzker, T., Mews, H.A., Miguel, E.P., Mitchard, E.T.A., Moonlight, P.W., Morandi, P.S., Morellato, L.P.C., Moura, M.S.B.D., Muchawona, A., Mugasha, W.A., Muledi, J.I., Muscarella, R., Mutondo, H., Naftal, L., Nascimento, M.T., Nascimento, R.O.D., Navarro-Rosales, F., Nelaballi, S., das Neves, E.C., Neves, D.M., Nieto-Quintano, P., Njoghomi, E.E., Nunes, Y.R.F., Oliveira, F.C., Oliveira, R.C., Oliveira, C.H.L., Oliveira, E.A.D.O., Oliveira Silva, J., Oliveras Menor, I., Ongole, S., Palacios, S.C., Pandi, V., Parada, G.A., Parr, C.L., Parthasarathy, N., Pérez-Albarracín, K.E., Perez Aviles, D., Perez-Marin, A.M., Pickavance, G.C., Pinto, J.R.R., Pizano, C., Powers, J.S., Prestes, N.C.C.S., Queiroz, L.P., Quintana, C., Ramírez, H., Ramos, D.M., Ratnam, J., Rees, M., Reis, S.M., Restrepo, Z., Reynel, C.A., Rezende, A.V., Ribeiro, N.S., Rocha, R.R., Rodrigues, P.M.S., Rodriguez, G.M.M., Rustiami, H., Saiz, G., Sampaio, E.V.S.B., Sankaran, M., Santos, M.G., Santos, R.M., Särkinen, T., Schwartz, N.B., Shutcha, M.N., Silva, B.K.N., Silva, D.F., Silva, R.A., Sonké, B., de Sousa Oliveira, T.C., Souza, R., Sposito, T.C., Steininger, M.K., Strydom, T., Sullivan, M.J.P., Tchamba, J.J., Teegalapalli, K., Tng, D.Y.P., Toledo, J.J., Torres-Romero, F., Trethowan, L.A., Tun-Dzul, F.J., Uriarte, M., Utteridge, T.M.A., Valencia, R., Vanderlei, R.S., Vargas G., G., Veenendaal, E., Vélez C, J.A., Veloso, M.D.D.M., Vieira, F.C., Vieira, L.A.F., Vilanova, E., Villela, D.M., Wekesa, C., Wells, L.H., Zarza, E., Zuanny, D., Hegerl, G.C., Quegan, S., Williams, M., Sitch, S., Pennington, R.T., Baker, T.R., Phillips, O.L., Dexter, K.G., Ryan, C.M. (2026). Mean annual ecosystem carbon fluxes in woody, grass and soil pools across intact tropical savannas and dry forests at 10 km resolution, 2000-2024. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/b5486372-a0f2-4cd5-b017-0916418ad2ce
Responsible party
(author, pointOfContact, publisher, owner, custodian); Fundación ConVida (author); The School for Field Studies (author); Instituto Kurâdomôdo Cultura Sustentável (author); Weforest Zambia (author); ROUGIER Groupe (author); Unidad de Recursos Naturales (author); Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER) (author); Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (author); CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre (author); Universidad Nacional de Tucumán- CONICET (author); Unaffiliated (author); Smurfit Westrock (author); Polytechnic Institute of Kimpa Vita University (author); Instituto Bem Ambiental (author); Zimbabwe Forestry Commission (author); Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (author); Fundación Orinoquia Biodiversa (author); Corporación COL-TREE (author); Fundación Ecosistemas Secos de Colombia (author); stituto Superior de Ciências da Educação do Huambo (author); Texas A&M Transportation Institute (author); University of Maryland (author); Fundación Natura Colombia (author)
ISO 19139 resource type
dataset
Metadata language
eng