This dataset includes taxonomic and abundance data at the of benthic macroinvertebrates in ten rivers within the glacial valleys of Parón, Huaytapallana and Llanganuco in the Cordillera Blanca, Ancash, Peru. This data was created to analyse the response of aquatic biodiversity to glacial retreat, studying rivers in a gradient of glacial coverage. The sampling work was carried out from October 14 to 30, 2019 and from October 7 to 16, 2020. The study was funded by NERC, Newton‐Paulet Fund and Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica-Perú Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/db604b78-c616-471b-9028-2d0826a6f50c
