Data are presented showing litterfall ant species and abundance from a plot based fertilisation experiment. The experiment was carried out at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) approximately 100 km north of Manaus. Data were collected in October 2018 and September 2019 by Santos-Neto. Sampling was carried out using a Wrinkler extractor. The data were collected to investigate the possible effects of different fertiliser applications on litterfall ant species and abundance. The work was carried out as part of the Amazon Fertilization Experiment (AFEX), funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Award reference NE/L007223/1, by the Brazilian government (Researcher scholarship) and the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP - logistical support and camps maintenance). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/60e77fd4-7a24-4545-8d90-08e9dfcbd16a
